neurom.morphmath

Mathematical and geometrical functions used to compute morphometrics.

Functions

angle_3points

Compute the angle in radians between three 3D points.

angle_between_vectors

Computes the angle in radians between vectors ‘p1’ and ‘p2’.

average_points_dist

Computes the average distance between a list of points and a given point p0.

dist_point_line

Compute the orthogonal distance between a line and a point.

interpolate_radius

Interpolate the radius between two values.

interval_lengths

Returns the list of distances between consecutive points.

linear_interpolate

Returns the point p satisfying: p1 + fraction * (p2 - p1).

path_distance

Compute the path distance from given set of points.

path_fraction_id_offset

Find segment by fractional offset.

path_fraction_point

Find coordinates by fractional offset.

pca

Estimate the principal components of the covariance on the given point cloud.

point_dist

Compute the euclidian distance between two 3D points.

point_dist2

Compute the square of the euclidian distance between two 3D points.

polygon_diameter

Compute the maximun euclidian distance between any two points in a list of points.

principal_direction_extent

Calculate the extent of a set of 3D points.

scalar_projection

Compute the scalar projection of v1 upon v2.

section_length

Compute the path distance from given set of points.

segment_area

Compute the surface area of a segment.

segment_length

Return the length of a segment.

segment_length2

Return the square of the length of a segment.

segment_radial_dist

Return the radial distance of a tree segment to a given point.

segment_radius

Return the mean radius of a segment.

segment_taper_rate

Compute the taper rate of a segment.

segment_volume

Compute the volume of a segment.

segment_x_coordinate

Return the mean x coordinate of a segment.

segment_y_coordinate

Return the mean y coordinate of a segment.

segment_z_coordinate

Return the mean z coordinate of a segment.

sphere_area

Compute the area of a sphere with radius r.

taper_rate

Compute the taper rate between points p0 and p1.

vector

Compute vector between two 3D points.

vector_projection

Compute the vector projection of v1 upon v2.

Classes

COLS

Column labels for internal data representation.

class neurom.morphmath.COLS[source]

Bases: object

Column labels for internal data representation.

neurom.morphmath.angle_3points(p0, p1, p2)[source]

Compute the angle in radians between three 3D points.

Calculated as the angle between p1-p0 and p2-p0.

Parameters
  • p1, p2 (p0,) – indexable objects with

  • 0, 1, 2 corresponding to 3D cartesian coordinates. (indices) –

Returns

Angle in radians between (p1-p0) and (p2-p0). 0.0 if p0==p1 or p0==p2.

neurom.morphmath.angle_between_vectors(p1, p2)[source]

Computes the angle in radians between vectors ‘p1’ and ‘p2’.

Normalizes the input vectors and computes the relative angle between them.

>>> angle_between((1, 0), (0, 1))
1.5707963267948966
>>> angle_between((1, 0), (1, 0))
0.0
>>> angle_between((1, 0), (-1, 0))
3.141592653589793
neurom.morphmath.average_points_dist(p0, p_list)[source]

Computes the average distance between a list of points and a given point p0.

neurom.morphmath.dist_point_line(p, l1, l2)[source]

Compute the orthogonal distance between a line and a point.

The line is that which passes through the points l1 and l2.

Parameters
  • p – iterable indices 0, 1, 2 correspond to cartesian coordinates

  • l1 – iterable indices 0, 1, 2 correspond to cartesian coordinates

  • l2 – iterable indices 0, 1, 2 correspond to cartesian coordinates

neurom.morphmath.interpolate_radius(r1, r2, fraction)[source]

Interpolate the radius between two values.

Calculate the radius that corresponds to a point P that lies at a fraction of the length of a cut cone P1P2 where P1, P2 are the centers of the circles that bound the shape with radii r1 and r2 respectively.

Parameters
  • r1 – float Radius of the first node of the segment.

  • r2 – float Radius of the second node of the segment

  • fraction – float The fraction at which the interpolated radius is calculated.

Returns: float

The interpolated radius.

Note: The fraction is assumed from point P1, not from point P2.

neurom.morphmath.interval_lengths(points, prepend_zero=False)[source]

Returns the list of distances between consecutive points.

Parameters
  • points – a list of np.array of 3D points

  • prepend_zero (bool) – if True, the returned array will start with a zero

neurom.morphmath.linear_interpolate(p1, p2, fraction)[source]

Returns the point p satisfying: p1 + fraction * (p2 - p1).

neurom.morphmath.path_distance(points)[source]

Compute the path distance from given set of points.

neurom.morphmath.path_fraction_id_offset(points, fraction, relative_offset=False)[source]

Find segment by fractional offset.

Find the segment which corresponds to the fraction of the path length along the piecewise linear curve which is constructed from the set of points.

Parameters
  • points – an iterable of indexable objects with indices

  • 1, 2 correspoding to 3D cartesian coordinates (0,) –

  • fraction – path length fraction (0.0 <= fraction <= 1.0)

  • relative_offset – return absolute or relative segment distance

Returns

(segment ID, segment offset) pair.

neurom.morphmath.path_fraction_point(points, fraction)[source]

Find coordinates by fractional offset.

Computes the point which corresponds to the fraction of the path length along the piecewise linear curve which is constructed from the set of points.

Parameters
  • points – an iterable of indexable objects with indices

  • 1, 2 correspoding to 3D cartesian coordinates (0,) –

  • fraction – path length fraction (0 <= fraction <= 1)

Returns

The 3D coordinates of the aforementioned point

neurom.morphmath.pca(points)[source]

Estimate the principal components of the covariance on the given point cloud.

Input

A numpy array of points of the form ((x1,y1,z1), (x2, y2, z2)…)

Ouptut

Eigenvalues and respective eigenvectors

neurom.morphmath.point_dist(p1, p2)[source]

Compute the euclidian distance between two 3D points.

Parameters
  • p2 (p1,) – indexable objects with

  • 0, 1, 2 corresponding to 3D cartesian coordinates. (indices) –

Returns

The euclidian distance between the points.

neurom.morphmath.point_dist2(p1, p2)[source]

Compute the square of the euclidian distance between two 3D points.

Parameters
  • p2 (p1,) – indexable objects with

  • 0, 1, 2 corresponding to 3D cartesian coordinates. (indices) –

Returns

The square of the euclidian distance between the points.

neurom.morphmath.polygon_diameter(points)[source]

Compute the maximun euclidian distance between any two points in a list of points.

neurom.morphmath.principal_direction_extent(points)[source]

Calculate the extent of a set of 3D points.

The extent is defined as the maximum distance between the projections on the principal directions of the covariance matrix of the points.

Parameter:

points : a 2D numpy array of points

Returns

the extents for each of the eigenvectors of the cov matrix eigs : eigenvalues of the covariance matrix eigv : respective eigenvectors of the covariance matrix

Return type

extents

neurom.morphmath.scalar_projection(v1, v2)[source]

Compute the scalar projection of v1 upon v2.

Parameters
  • v2 (v1,) – iterable

  • 0, 1, 2 corresponding to cartesian coordinates (indices) –

Returns

3-vector of the projection of point p onto the direction of v

neurom.morphmath.section_length(points)

Compute the path distance from given set of points.

neurom.morphmath.segment_area(seg)[source]

Compute the surface area of a segment.

Approximated as a conical frustum. Does not include the surface area of the bounding circles.

neurom.morphmath.segment_length(seg)[source]

Return the length of a segment.

Returns: Euclidian distance between centres of points in seg

neurom.morphmath.segment_length2(seg)[source]

Return the square of the length of a segment.

Returns: Square of Euclidian distance between centres of points in seg

neurom.morphmath.segment_radial_dist(seg, pos)[source]

Return the radial distance of a tree segment to a given point.

The radial distance is the euclidian distance between the mid-point of the segment and the point in question.

Parameters
  • seg – tree segment

  • pos – origin to which distances are measured. It must have at lease 3

  • The first 3 components are (components.) –

neurom.morphmath.segment_radius(seg)[source]

Return the mean radius of a segment.

Returns: arithmetic mean of the radii of the points in seg

neurom.morphmath.segment_taper_rate(seg)[source]

Compute the taper rate of a segment.

Returns

The taper rate, defined as the absolute value of the difference in the diameters of the segment’s two points divided by the euclidian distance between them.

neurom.morphmath.segment_volume(seg)[source]

Compute the volume of a segment.

Approximated as a conical frustum.

neurom.morphmath.segment_x_coordinate(seg)[source]

Return the mean x coordinate of a segment.

Returns: arithmetic mean of the x coordinates of the points in seg

neurom.morphmath.segment_y_coordinate(seg)[source]

Return the mean y coordinate of a segment.

Returns: arithmetic mean of the y coordinates of the points in seg

neurom.morphmath.segment_z_coordinate(seg)[source]

Return the mean z coordinate of a segment.

Returns: arithmetic mean of the z coordinates of the points in seg

neurom.morphmath.sphere_area(r)[source]

Compute the area of a sphere with radius r.

neurom.morphmath.taper_rate(p0, p1)[source]

Compute the taper rate between points p0 and p1.

Parameters

p1 (p0,) – iterables with first 4 components containing (x, y, z, r)

Returns

The taper rate, defined as the absolute value of the difference in the diameters of p0 and p1 divided by the euclidian distance between them.

neurom.morphmath.vector(p1, p2)[source]

Compute vector between two 3D points.

Parameters
  • p2 (p1,) – indexable objects with

  • 0, 1, 2 corresponding to 3D cartesian coordinates. (indices) –

Returns

3-vector from p1 - p2

neurom.morphmath.vector_projection(v1, v2)[source]

Compute the vector projection of v1 upon v2.

Parameters
  • v2 (v1,) – iterable

  • 0, 1, 2 corresponding to cartesian coordinates (indices) –

Returns

3-vector of the projection of point p onto the direction of v